The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. Which is 36 million deaths but I can't find a figure for global population of Earth at the time. 33,500+. Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. The An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) occurred when An Lushan, a In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. Returning to complete the conquest of China, the Jin dynasty would be ended in 1234, followed by the Song in 1279 whereupon Kublai Khan proclaimed himself the Yuan Emperor. Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. [40], By this time, the Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi had fought their way into Emperor An's territory north of the Yellow River, cutting off the communication between Luoyang and Fanyang, causing much fear in An's troops. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. Result: Tang victory . An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. (Geshu, hearing this, made the same request, and Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu.) A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. Arriving in Mexico in 1517, two years later an expedition led by Hernn Corts embarked with the goal of subjugating the native populations. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence and was eventually made governor of three major frontier provinces in the northeast, giving him control of the eastern half of Chinas frontier, and putting him in control of 40 percent of the Tang forces. Led by General An Lushan, the When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. The An Lushan Rebellion The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. Result: Tang victory . Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. [citation needed], Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed, but after the edict was drafted, Xuanzong tabled it and instead sent the eunuch Fu Qiulin () to send fresh fruits to An and to observe himupon which An was alleged to bribe Fu into submitting a favorable report. The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. An Lushan had a highly-trusted Khitan eunuch named Li Zhu'er (). He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. (It has been suggested, due to his obesity, that An Lushan was suffering the symptoms of acute diabetes.) An Rokhan grew up in a town in rmqi, and was working as a sartapo in the market when he was accused of sheep theft and sentenced to death. Also in 753, Li Xianzhong's troops were defeated by the Huige, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength. Matsui, Hitoshi (Japan). [35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. [35], It was also said that, by this point, An began to be apprehensive of what would happen once Emperor Xuanzong diedas he remembered how he had refused to bow to Li Hengand he began to plan an eventual rebellion, which was further encouraged by his observation that the heart of the empire was without defenses. Submit interesting and specific facts about something that you just found out here. Yeah, it's really unknowable, which is the trend the further back you go in history. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). An Lushan (Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn; 20th day of the 1st month[4] 19 February 703[2] 29 January 757[3]) was a general in the Tang dynasty and is primarily known for instigating the An Lushan Rebellion. With no true opposition left, the Qing set about pacifying the remnants of Ming China, a task that would take another forty years to complete. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. Also Chinese land was fertile and worth fighting over. Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. After my death, he will be your emperor." The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the An, caught by surprise of the Emperor's retreat, had Cui advance slowly into Chang'an, even though the Tang mayor of Chang'an, Cui Guangyuan (), offered to surrender. With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. By this point, a friendship had developed between An Lushan and the Emperor. There were many occasions when a major change could have [2][7][18][19][20][21] The An are not to be confused with Anxi, which had been established as a prefecture by the Chinese in 661. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts, Soviet Union & Post-Soviet States | Modern Central Asia. By borrowing troops from neighboring tribes to put down the Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty lowered its prestige in the eyes of the barbarians, who eventually began raiding Tang settlements again. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). 33,500+. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. One of Suzong's first acts as emperor was to appoint the generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi to deal with the rebellion. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. The An Shi Rebellion forced the Tang dynasty to become overdependent on the goodwill of provincial governors and military commanders. Press J to jump to the feed. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. Came for this. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. Referensi [ sunting | sunting Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. Emperor Xuanzong treated him well and allowed him to visit the palace at all times. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. The long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. In total, across more than a century of warfare the Mongols are believed to have been directly responsible for the deaths of 30,000,000 to 40,000,000 people, in addition to displacing hundreds of millions and indirectly causing the calamitous Black Plague in Europe. Yang predicted that if Emperor Xuanzong summoned An to Chang'an, he would surely not come. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Welcome to r/AskHistorians. Zhong, Han. With an estimated death toll of 50-70 million people, historians rate the Mongolian Conquests as one of the deadliest wars. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. Zhang Shi was not able to even write one character in response to Emperor Xuanzong's reexamination. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. That conflict is generally thought to have a death toll of 20 million. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. [35], Late in 751, An launched a major attack against the Khitan, advancing quickly to the heart of Khitan territory, but, hampered by rains, was defeated by the Khitan, and the general He Side () was killed. Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects war had few set battles, but this did stop. 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