advantages and disadvantages of manila galleon trade

The first would travel to Manila with 500,000 pesos worth of goods on a journey that took 120 days at sea. In addition, the river made it easy to transport these rice shipments throughout the region (Peterson 2014:95). It was during this era that . Another blow to the Spanish empire was the establishment of the Royal Philippine Company in 1785. The natives were familiar with the waters in the region, and knew the best resources and techniques to build ships and sail them (Stead 2014). In 1743, the galleon Covadonga was taken by George Anson who commanded a powerful frigate armed with 60 cannons. "Manila Galleon." In Asia, there was a trans-Pacific trade network between China, Japan, the Philippines and Southeast Asia. Despite these natural aids, it was not uncommon for a galleon to have to turn back to Manila if a series of storms was encountered or if the ship was too unwieldy because it had been overloaded with cargo. The Kuroshio Current, which originates in Taiwan, contributed another welcome push in the right direction. The Spanish had difficulty establishing a trading route to the Pacific from Europe because the voyage was too long and too distant (Peterson 2014:58). THE Manila Galleon Trade lasted for 250 years and ended in 1815 with Mexico's war of independence. Central America and the Caribbean, 14001600 A.D. Mexico and Central America, 16001800 A.D. Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts. Many individual merchants risked and lost their lives, but sizable fortunes were accrued. In the nineteenth century, some were employed as mercenaries in the southern China coast to defend the port of Shanghai and deal with rebellions (Aguilar 2012:374-377). It helped to fashion the very society of the Philippines, which relied upon its income, its merchandise, and the services of Chinese, Malay, and other participants. The Spanish empire benefitted greatly from their access to and engagement in the trans-Pacific trade network. The cargo was stored below decks in galleons that could weigh in at up to 2,000 tons, although most were around 1,000. King Phillip II of Spain encouraged the domestication of animals for labor and the introduction of new agricultural methods, which aimed to increase productivity (Girldez 2015:78). WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE GALLEON TRADE TO THE PHILIPPINES? These topics provide more insight to the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines. Pieces of Eight from the WhydahTheodore Scott (CC BY). Daz-Trechuelo Spnola, Mara Lourdes. The galleon trade was noted for the length and duration of its voyagesover 6,000 miles and six to nine months' sail from Manila to Acapulco. They were used as guides, pilots, sailors, and mercenary fighters onboard the vessels (Peterson 2014:18). Their jobs were targeted to support colonial efforts (Peterson 2014:7-8). Paper presented at the 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage, Hawaii. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/mgtr/hd_mgtr.htm (October 2003). Exchanges of Goods, plants and culture8. The lack of money and rations made it difficult for Indios to buy food or pay tributes (Peterson 2014:88).While this technique saved Spain money, they owed people thousands of pesos (Peterson 2014:203-205). During the period of galleon trade, Manila became one of the largest ports in the world and served as the center of trade between The trading ships traveled between Manila and Acapulco for about 250 years. The Atlantic treasure fleets then shipped some of these goods along with silver, gold, and other precious materials extracted from the Americas on to Spain. Precious cargo was stored below decks in galleons that could weigh in at up to 2,000 tons. Unlike other ships, such as those of the Portuguese Empire which used the Cape of Good Hope trade route around the tip of southern Africa, the Spanish preferred to send their ships eastwards to the Americas. So much so that the Spaniards feared them, taxed them, sent them out to the Parian and eventually, when tensions rose, massacred them. Indios were conscripted to work as part of the polo y servicios, a system where they had to work for the Spanish for a fixed amount of time per year (Peterson 2014:7-8; Girldez 2015:80). Not only did the Spanish use the manpower in the Philippines, they also took advantage of the resources in the islands. The Galleon Trade is referring to trading ships that sailed across the Pacific Ocean to the following places:Manila (Philippines)AcapulcoNew Spain (Mexico) What is a Spanish galleon trade? However, the authors were not able to attend the conference, possibly due to government or administrative restrictions (Jeffrey 2017). Manila and the galleons cost enormous sums to maintain and succeeded in directing vast quantities of American silver away from the imperial treasury. They knew how to monetize the Spaniards' needs. 11. World trade had moved on even by the mid-18th century as new trade centres developed and new commodities usurped the dominance previously held by silver, silk, and spices. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Web. From November 27-30, 2017, the 3rd Annual Asia-Pacific Regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage was held in Hong Kong (Jeffrey 2017). Another nation that invaded the Philippines was Britain between 1762 and 1764 (Fisher 2011:466). I'll let others talk about how Spanish Colonial rule: unified the islands. After the thirteenth century, porcelain and silk became major trade goods as the Chinese produced and exported them in large quantities for cheap prices, which led to competition among indigenous populations (Min 2014:46). Non-Spanish observers coming to Filipinas (even those who are only within the boundaries of World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. They seized and raided galleons and Chinese junks, attacked shipyards, and imposed embargos in Philippine and Chinese ports, all in an attempt to hinder Spanish trade (Min 2014:52). He had a sizable force and was not intimidated. The Manila-Acapulco Galleons : the Treasure Ships of the Pacific . Spain was not the only one responsible for the lack of payment. For example, they attempted to reorganize scattered settlements into concentrated communities that they could transform and Christianize in a consolidated manner (Girldez 2015:41-57). The good effect or benefits that we get from the galleon trade is they were able to prolonged the colony of Spain It was the main source of income for both the government and the church leadership It maintained the natural resources of the country It opened the doors to the westerner countries for the conceptualization and adaptation of the The Spanish were then able to connect the Asian trade network to the markets in the Americas and Europe, leading to more trade activities and profits internationally (Orillaneda 2014:2). The so-called Manila Galleon (Nao de China or Nao de Acapulco) brought porcelain, silk, ivory, spices, and myriad other exotic goods from China to Mexico in exchange for New World silver. Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 2001. Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. In the later half of the nineteenth century, some Filipinos were engaged in pearl-shell fishing in the Australian coast (Aguilar 2012:379-383). World History Encyclopedia. Spain realized the advantages of the manpower and resources that the Philippines could contribute to support their empire. Even if there was food and water, they could be spoiled or be of poor quality (Prez-Mallana 1998: 143-145). The Galleon Trade was the first and biggest monopolistic trade between Asia and the Americas. Some of the foreign goods traded in the Philippines included glass beads, silk, iron implements, lead net sinkers, iron needles and ceramics. 20002023 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Spanish pulled many natives to their deaths because of their introduction of foreign diseases and their conflicts. 2021 commemorates the 10th anniversary of the Pacific Alliance. More ships were lost after crossing, and both de Loaisa and Elcano died from scurvy (De Leon-Bolinao 2014:3). became the main export commodities. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The result was a massive decrease in the native population, from 20-60% in different communities (Girldez 2015:72). While natives could be punished for the rejection of Spanish ways, physical abuse was worse when it came to labor conditions. Though Chinese silk was by far the most important cargo, other exotic goods, such as perfumes, porcelain, cotton fabric (from India), and precious stones, were also transshipped via the galleon. Spain was uniquely well prepared to conduct this commerce because of the convenient geographical location of Manila and America's large supply of silver. With their new territories, Spain established an Atlantic trade network that operated from Spain to the Americas, or also known as the New World (Fisher 2011:18).However, Spain was not the only one engaging in a profitable trade market. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. During the heyday of the galleon trade, Manila became one of the world's great ports, serving as a focus for trade between China and Europe. By 1697, the fort's garrison manned 42 cannons. "Manila Galleon For about 300 years, the Manila Galleon trade route operated and carried valuable goods across the Pacific. The Galen: Manila-Acapulco Galleon Museum or the Museo de Galleon is a maritime museum under construction within the SM Mall of Asia complex in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines.The museum will feature Manila-Acapulco galleon trade and will also house a full-scale replica of a Galleon within its interior. #2. the rise of the intelligentsia. The trade generated revenue needed by the government. The trade was very profitable, and it made the Spaniards very rich. pp. National well-being. Rogers had tried to take the galleon's larger companion ship, the Begoa, a few days later, but his four ships, firing over 500 cannon shots, were still not enough to prevent the Begoa's escape. In effect, a galleon was a slow-moving but formidable castle on the sea. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000. Journal of Global History 7(1): 364-388. For many nations, international trade is literally matter of life and death. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Advantages of International Trade. The Manila galleons remained vital to Spain's trade within its empire until around 1785 when the Philippines were finally opened up to other European traders. While each government determines the duties and taxes differently, it is typically calculated on the value of the products sent (item, insurance plus shipping). Delivery charges may apply to subscribers outside of Metro Manila. The Spanish officials were so absorbed in the trade that they did not have time to exploit the country's natural resources. This started the cultivation and monopoly of tobacco which was hoped to be the main source of government revenue. Goods like sugar, fibers, coffee, etc. Manila became an important trading center in the 17th century 7. See alsoNew Spain, Viceroyalty of; Silk Industry and Trade. The Manila galleons, meanwhile, returned to the Philippines each year loaded with silver to buy more goods for the next trip. This trade route linked America with Asia, and more particularly, the Viceroyalty of New Spain with its farthest province, the Philippine Islands. How did the galleon trade help in the economy of the Philippines? May 13, 1998. With Dutch resources, the Moro impeded the development of the Spanish colony through raids. There were also numerous problems that hindered his expedition, including the lack of water, leakage, and harsh weather (De Leon-Bolinao 2014:4). The lack of materials and the lack of people made it a difficult and slow process to build galleons in Mexico and engage successfully in global trade (Peterson 2014:154). The debtor country exports goods to pay for its debts to the creditor country. For example, 1 oz of gold bought 11 oz of silver in Amsterdam while the same silver in China could be re-exchanged for 2 oz of gold. Thomas Cavendish (1560-1592) was one of the lucky raiders who grabbed a Manila galleon. While the Manila Galleon trade brought in profits for the Spanish empire, the Philippines suffered at their expense. Also the PH became part of the first global trading. The Manila Galleons were Spanish tradi. Galleons dominated the seas in the second half of the 16th century, and with their lower superstructures, they were much more manoeuvrable and seaworthy than previous ship types like the carrack.. A particular feature of galleons was the impressive number of heavy cannons . As the ones subjugated by Spain, the Philippines receive little recognition for powering the Manila Galleon trade through their own labor, resources, and money. In addition, the Spanish used the local watercrafts of the Philippines. However, the Spanish fleet was not prepared to encounter the extreme storms and weather in Southeast Asia. Our life is hard to but their life was harder (Aguilar 2012:365). Globalization entails the broadening of local and nationalistic perspectives toward an interconnected and interdependent world with free . Department of European Sculpture and Decorative Arts, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Manila Galleon Trade: Events, effects, lessons, ***Not available for delivery outside of the Philippines. Omissions? Companies that are involved in exporting can achieve levels of growth that may not be possible if they only focus on their domestic markets. In 1492, Spain sent explorers such as Christopher Columbus to claim the Americas (Fisher 2011:18). The galleons carried around 40 paying passengers as well as cargo, although no foreigners were permitted passage unless they acted as officers on the ship. Advantages of international trade include: Growth - expanding to new international markets allows businesses to grow more easily and quickly, either providing them with cheaper materials or. Asian Pacific American Federal Foreign Affairs Council. The Spanish targeted large amounts of forests to get timbers appropriate for shipbuilding. Cartwright, Mark. Finally, the galleons were built of Eastern hardwoods which made their hulls remarkably resistant to cannonballs. 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